B12 - Cobalamin

Vitamin B12 for a healthy nervous system and hematopoiesis

Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is found naturally in animal foods. It can also be added to food or supplements. Vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of red blood cells and DNA. It is also a key factor in the function and development of brain and nerve cells.

Vitamin B12 binds to the protein in the food we eat. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes release vitamin B12 into its free form. From there, vitamin B12 combines with a protein called endogenous factor so that it can be absorbed further down in the small intestine.

Supplements and fortified foods contain B12 in its free form, so it may be more easily absorbed. There are a variety of vitamin B12 supplements available. Although there are claims that some forms—such as sublingual tablets or liquids placed under the tongue to be absorbed through the tissues of the mouth—have better absorption than traditional tablets, studies have not shown a significant difference. Vitamin B12 tablets are available in high doses much higher than the recommended dietary allowance, but these high amounts are not necessarily the amount that will be absorbed because an adequate amount of intrinsic factor is also required. In cases of severe vitamin B12 deficiency due to insufficient intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia), doctors may prescribe B12 injections into the muscles.

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